Error evaluation and correction of stray impedance during measurement and interpretation of AC impedance of cement-based materials

In this study, the error of stray impedance during measurement and interpretation of the AC impedance of cement-based materials was evaluated based on a proposed reasonable correction method. The results indicated that the stray impedance produces approximately 60% and 35% modulus errors at 15 MHz frequency, and 1.68–55.30% and 10.72–153.58% errors of the interpreted parameters for 210-d and 3-d curing concrete, respectively. The stray impedance of the two electrodes and the extra shorting wire introduced in the traditional correction method (Z_ei) produce approximately 45% and 15% modulus errors at 15 MHz frequency, and 0.94–82.81% and 49.03–96.71% errors of the interpreted parameters for 210-d and 3-d curing concrete, respectively. The proposed method eliminates the Z_ei and contains only extra introduced contact resistance between the shorting wire and the two electrodes (R_cls). However, the R_cls produce less than 1% modulus and the interpreted parameters errors, indicating that the proposed method is accurate.     

Cloud Based Software Computing as a Service in Hybrid Evolution Algorithm with Feedback Assistance

This paper develops cloud based software computing as a service (SCaaS) in the hybrid evolution algorithm with feedback assistance to solve the data optimal NP-complete problems such as travel salesman problems and job shop scheduling problems. Suitable steps, methods, or procedures of the genetic algorithm can be adopted from various evolution procedures or methods of the genetic algorithms based on the fitness evaluation results and survival ratio of different crossover methods in the current generation. The proposed system can dynamically emphasize the corresponding methods or procedures for the better performance in optimal solution searching. In addition, according to the proposed XML format, system users can upload only the coding of chromosomes without implementing the genetic algorithm program. Furthermore, by using the feedback assistance, the convergence time of the optimal solution can be enhanced.     

Shaking table tests on seismic measures of a model mountain tunnel

A series of three dimensional (3D) shaking table tests were carried out to investigate the mechanism and effect of seismic measures of mountain tunnel using a scaled model based on a real tunnel. Key technical details of the experiment, including similarity relations, seismic measures simulation, boundary conditions, sensor layout, modeling methods, and ground motion input were presented. Main seismic measures, including reinforcing surrounding rock with anchors, increasing lining flexibility with steel wire mesh, and installing seismic isolation layer between reinforced surrounding rock and tunnel lining, were investigated in this study. Experiment results show that: (1) adding a layer of steel wire mesh in the tunnel lining can improve the flexibility and seismic performance and also may effectively prevent radial cracks from crossing the lining; (2) installing a geofoam isolation layer between the reinforced surrounding rock and the tunnel lining reduces dynamic earth pressure by 70–90% for the lining without a seismic isolation layer; (3) the flexible joints can effectively avoid global failures of tunnel lining for they reduce dynamic strain and bending force in the tunnel lining and decrease the seismic energy transmission along the lining in axial direction; (4) reinforcing surrounding rock with anchors significantly reduces dynamic earth pressure and strain of the lining by about 50%. In addition, the length of seismic reinforcement for general mountain tunnel portal is recommended to be 50 m from the tunnel portal along the axial direction.     

高温高湿环境对键合Cu线可靠性影响的研究

通过高温存储试验和高压蒸煮试验对铜线键合器件在高温高湿环境下的可靠性进行研究,分析试验前后键合球剪切力和键合球拉力的变化,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜观察试验前后键合界面形貌及金属间化合物类型,采用能谱仪对试验前后键合界面的成分进行分析。研究结果表明,键合初期,Cu/Al键合界面没有生成Cu、Al金属间化合物,键合界面具有一定的连接强度;高温存储试验后,Cu/Al键合界面生成CuAl、Cu_9Al_4金属间化合物,连接强度增加;高压蒸煮试验后,Cu/Al键合界面的Cu_9Al_4金属间化合物消失,键合界面由于卤素原子的加入使周围环境呈现弱酸性,Cu9Al4金属间化合物在该环境下被腐蚀,其反应式为Cu_9Al_4+12Br-~=4AlBr_3+9Cu +12e~-,键合界面出现孔洞,键合界面强度减小,降低了器件的可靠性。     

Speeding up a Rollout algorithm for complex parallel machine scheduling

Rollout methodology is a constructive metaheuristic algorithm and its main characteristics are its modularity, the adaptability to different objectives and constraints and the easiness of implementation. Multi-heuristic Rollout extends the Rollout by incorporating several constructive heuristics in the Rollout framework and it is able to easily incorporate human experience inside its research patterns to fulfil complex requirements dictated by the application at hand. However, a drawback for both Rollout and multi-heuristic Rollout is often represented by the required computation time. This paper proposes some alternatives of the full multi-heuristic Rollout algorithm aimed at improving the efficiency by reducing the computational effort while preserving the effectiveness. Namely, we propose dynamic heuristics pruning and candidates reduction strategies. As illustrative case studies, we analyse complex deterministic identical parallel machine scheduling problems showing how Rollout procedures can be used to tackle several additional constraints arising in real contexts. More specifically, we considered both standard (batch production, family set-ups, release, due dates, etc.) and non-standard (machine unavailabilities, maximum campaign size) scheduling constraints. An extensive campaign of computational experiments shows the behaviour of the multi-heuristic Rollout approach and the effectiveness of the different proposed speed-up methods.     

基于EIGamal加密算法的匿名叛逆者追踪方案

基于离散对数的EIGamal加密算法体制，提出一种匿名的叛逆者追踪方案。在此方案中，广播信息通过对称加密算法加密后广播给用户，而加密使用的会话密钥是在注册用户通过匿名身份验证后，通过数据提供商发送的数据头传送给用户。由性能分析可知，该方案不仅具有用户的匿名安全性、可撤销性与可恢复性的特点，还能够抵抗线性组合攻击。     

Application of metaheuristics-based clustering algorithm to item assignment in a synchronized zone order picking system

Warehousing management policy is a crucial issue in logistic management. It must be managed effectively and efficiently to reduce the production cost as well as the customer satisfaction. Synchronized zoning system is a warehousing management policy which aims to increase the warehouse utilization and customer satisfaction by reducing the customer waiting time. This policy divides a warehouse into several zones where each zone has its own picker who can work simultaneously. Herein, item assignment plays an important role since it influences the order processing performance. This study proposes an application of metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), for item assignment in synchronized zoning system. The original PSO and GA algorithms are modified so that it is suitable for solving item assignment problem. The datasets with different sizes are used for method validation. Results obtained by PSO and GA are then compared with the result of an existing algorithm. The experimental results showed that PSO and GA can perform better than the existing algorithm. These results also show that PSO has better performance than GA, especially for bigger problems. It proves that item assignment policy obtained by PSO and GA has higher utilization rates than the existing algorithm.     

基于多周循环步进式插值扫描轨迹的工业CT柔性检测技术研究

为了在一次CT检测过程中同时实现被检工件的精细检测与内部缺陷快速发现的两种检测需求，提出了一种新型CT检测方案。该方案将一种改进的圆形CT投影扫描轨迹与不完全投影插值算法有效融合，实现了投影采集与最优图像实时重建的同步进行。为验证该技术的可行性，设计了相应的扇束CT仿真平台及试验模体，仿真试验结果表明，该检测技术在CT扫描过程中可及时发现被检工件的内部缺陷，扫描结束后可获得工件的精细CT图像，有效满足了工业CT用户在多种检测目的之间自由切换的柔性检测需求。     

道路交通网络中的关键节点识别方法研究

在现实世界中，大量复杂系统都可以通过抽象的节点和连边构成的网络来加以刻画。作为城市交通系统的重要组成部分，道路交通网络是一个典型的复杂系统，与人们的生活密切相关。道路交通网络中的关键节点识别问题是复杂网络领域研究中的一个经典难题。传统的度中心性算法和PageRank算法在复杂网络的关键节点的识别中具有较好的应用，考虑到道路交通网络中关键节点的特殊性和彼此关联性，在度中心性算法的基础上引入贪心算法的思想，提出了一个基于贪心策略的度中心性关键节点识别方法；同时，在PageRank算法的基础上引入贪心算法的思想，提出了一种基于贪心策略的PageRank关键节点识别方法，从而使道路交通网络中关键节点识别的结果更合理，在交通道路维护保养、规划设计，以及犯罪分子潜逃阻断等领域都有重要的应用价值。通过公开数据集与经典的关键节点识别方法做比较，验证了算法的有效性。     

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm and orthogonal crossover for optimal shape design of concrete gravity dams

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) and orthogonal crossover (OC) is proposed to efficiently find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams. The proposed hybrid approach is called IGSA-OC. The hybrid of IGSA and the OC operator can improve the global exploration ability of the IGSA method, and increase its convergence rate. To find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams, the interaction effects of dam–water–foundation rock subjected to earthquake loading are considered in this study. The computational cost of the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams subjected earthquake loads is usually high. Due to this problem, the weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM) regression as an efficient metamodel is utilized to considerably predict dynamic responses of gravity dams by spending low computational cost. To testify the robustness and efficiency of the proposed IGSA-OC, first, four well-known benchmark functions in literatures are optimized using the proposed IGSA-OC, and provides comparisons with the standard gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the other modified GSA methods. Then, the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams is found using IGSA-OC. The solutions obtained by the IGSA-OC are compared with those of the standard GSA, IGSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed IGSA-OC significantly outperforms the standard GSA, IGSA and PSO.